กก
Compressor is a kind of common equipment
in chemical industry. Compressor will produce bigger vibration and noise
in the course of work. Compressor vibration
can cause damage to the compressor as well as to the surrounding
buildings and other equipment, affecting the life of the building and
equipment. Compressor
noise can cause harm to workers, such as hearing damage and
cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. It is because of these
hazards, so the compressor
vibration and noise reduction research is necessary.
1 vibration generation and vibration source control
Inside the compressor, causing vibration of the components of the main
factors are: imbalance in the movement, the parts of their own defects,
airflow
pulsation. In addition, the motor in the course of the work will produce
vibration. Compressor vibration source control can be taken from the
compressor
inside and outside the two aspects of measures.
Measures taken internally are to take measures to reduce the imbalance
of the moving mechanism and to reduce the defects of the components
themselves during
the assembly and use of the compressor. The measures taken in the
assembly and use of the compressor are to reduce the imbalance of the
moving mechanism, to
reduce the defects of the moving parts themselves and to reduce the gas
column resonance.
Measures taken externally are mainly the use of vibration damping
devices and the strengthening of the compressor and its foundation.
Compressor overall
vibration control is to strengthen the compressor and its foundation
between the fixed and increase the buffer, can be strengthened by bolts
and the use of
shock absorber to achieve. Reinforcing bolts hold the compressor with
the foundation, reducing the vibration of the compressor. The use of
vibration damping
device can effectively reduce the vibration generated, but also reduce
the compressor vibration generated the main measures. Common damping
devices are metal
spring damping device, rubber damping device, spring rubber damping
device, glass wool board and rock wool. Pipeline vibration reduction
measures have a
reasonable set buffer tank, set the headers, exhaust pipes installed in
the throttle plate and other filter elements, to avoid the resonance
column and
pipeline installation vibration isolator.
2 noise generation and sound source control
Compressor noise is mainly caused by vibration, friction and
electromagnetic. Among them, the vibration, including mechanical
vibration and gas vibration.
Measures to reduce the vibration will not repeat them. Control of
friction noise is necessary to reduce the generation of friction. As
described above, the
friction is caused by the relative displacement of two faces (or points)
which are in contact with each other. The relative displacement of the
components
during the operation of the compressor is unavoidable. To reduce the
generation of friction it is necessary to separate the faces (or points)
which produce
relative displacement, which uses the lubricant. To ensure good
lubrication is an important measure to control the friction noise. The
specific causes of
electromagnetic noise and measures to reduce the electromagnetic noise
can be considered from the aspects of design and manufacture of the
motor.
3 vibration transmission control
Vibration is transmitted through the foundation and the ground and the
pipeline to the surrounding. Compressor vibration generated through the
foundation to
the ground, through the ground to the building; can also be transmitted
through the pipeline to other equipment.
Compressor vibration transmitted to the ground through the foundation,
if the use of floating foundation, the foundation and the ground
separation, can be
very effective in blocking the spread of vibration. In the construction
process, between the foundation and the ground to leave a groove, the
ground and the
foundation separately, the two have a certain distance, not a whole, in
order to ensure safety, in the empty place to cover steel or concrete
slab. For the
foundation has been doing, you can use the cutting machine to cut the
ground and the ground, in order to achieve the purpose of separation. In
addition, the
other equipment can be separated from the building foundation and the
ground, so that vibration can not be transmitted to other equipment and
buildings.
Another channel of vibration propagation is the pipe. The compressor is
connected to other equipment through pipelines, and the vibration of the
compressor
can be transmitted to other equipment through the pipeline. The
vibration of the pipeline itself can also be transmitted to other
equipment. The propagation
of vibration can be blocked by the use of a buffer tank at the
connection of the pipeline to other equipment and the installation of a
rubber isolator
between the pipe and the support.
4 Control of noise propagation
The propagation of noise is divided into direct and indirect
propagation. Direct transmission means that the noise is propagated
directly through the air
without passing through other mediums. Indirect propagation means that
the noise is transmitted wholly or partly through a solid or liquid
surface to a
radiated condition and then continues to travel forward through the air.
Control of the propagation of noise can be achieved by the following
methods:
1) Construction of soundproof rooms. Construction of sound insulation
between the main use of the sound insulation walls, doors, windows.
Sound insulation
material is 40 kg / m3 glass wool, slag cotton and the like soft
material is appropriate, so that you can isolate the noise (including
the roof), the middle
layer (50cm) filled with sound-absorbing material is better, 50dB ~
80dB. In addition, the country has successfully developed a carbonized
lime porous wall
material, and has been in the actual project trial, sound absorption is
very good. The soundproof door is a single fan flat sandwich doors, the
middle filled
with glass wool, the doors of the door frame made close to the slope,
the slope of the collision at the rubber strips and blankets to paste,
to prevent the
door air leakage. Sound insulation window is the use of sound insulation
glass.
2) Use sound insulation baffle. In the compressor and the operator
directly by setting the sound insulation material made of sound baffle,
in order to
achieve the purpose of shielding noise. The use of sound insulation
baffle can not seal the compressor in a limited space to ensure heat
dissipation.
3) the use of floating floor. Floating the floor, that is, a layer of
reinforced concrete floor mat with mineral wool-based elastic sound
insulation layer,
and then shop floor. Solid sound effect, in the solid, liquid, gas is
the strongest, the use of floating building floor, solid sound is
greatly eased, so the
floor of the sound insulation performance will be greatly enhanced.
Floating the floor can not only weaken the spread of noise, vibration
can also reduce the
harm to the human body. In addition, you can also install the ceiling
under the floor, ceiling can effectively weaken the noise in the air.
4) pipeline packaging sound insulation layer. The pipeline to do the
rubber-pad; the entire pipeline online brush on the asphalt, paste a
layer of NiuMao
soft paper, tied two layers of asbestos rope, and then hoop on the iron
mesh,
5 individual protection measures
Individual measures to reduce vibration is to wear anti-vibration gloves
and anti-vibration shoes. The main body of the noise protection measures
are anti-
noise helmets (helmets), anti-noise earmuffs (ear protection),
anti-noise earplugs,
6 Conclusion
Vibration source and sound source control are closely linked, the two is
a whole, the measures taken to strengthen the compressor is the daily
maintenance
and repair and use of vibration devices. It is very effective to control
the vibration and noise in the transmission path. It should be stressed
that,
although the use of personal protective equipment can effectively
alleviate the vibration and noise hazards.
This paper provides concrete vibration and noise reduction measures for
the compressor station of the fertilizer plant, and also provides
reference for
vibration damping and noise reduction for similar jobs in other
industries. It has a certain significance in production practice.
.
.